Kurangiza hejuru ya PCB (Icapa ryumuzunguruko wacapwe) bivuga ubwoko bwo gutwikira cyangwa kuvura bikoreshwa kumurongo wumuringa hamwe nudupapuro twerekanwe hejuru yubuyobozi.Kurangiza ubuso bukora intego nyinshi, zirimo kurinda umuringa wagaragaye kuri okiside, kongera imbaraga, no gutanga ubuso buringaniye kubintu bifatika mugihe cyo guterana.Ubuso butandukanye burangiza butanga urwego rutandukanye rwimikorere, igiciro, no guhuza hamwe na porogaramu zihariye.
Zahabu-isahani hamwe na immersion zahabu ikoreshwa muburyo bwo gukora ibizunguruka bigezweho.Hamwe noguhuza kwinshi kwa IC hamwe numubare winshi wibipapuro, uburyo bwo gutera uhagaritse kugurisha biragoye gusibanganya udupapuro duto duto two kugurisha, bitera ibibazo inteko ya SMT.Byongeye kandi, igihe cyo kubika amabati yatewe ni mugufi.Gutunganya zahabu cyangwa kwibiza muri zahabu bitanga ibisubizo byibi bibazo.
Muri tekinoroji yububiko bwa tekinoroji, cyane cyane kubintu bito cyane nka 0603 na 0402, uburinganire bwibipapuro bigurisha bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ubuziranenge bwo gucapa ibicuruzwa, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa byakurikiyeho.Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa rya zahabu yuzuye-isahani cyangwa zahabu yibiza bikunze kugaragara mubucucike bwinshi na ultra-nto yo hejuru yubuso.
Mugihe cyibikorwa byo kugerageza, kubera ibintu nkamasoko yibigize, imbaho ntizigurishwa ako kanya zihageze.Ahubwo, barashobora gutegereza ibyumweru cyangwa amezi mbere yo gukoreshwa.Ubuzima bwo kubika imbaho zometseho zahabu na immersion ni ndende cyane kuruta iy'amabati.Kubwibyo, izi nzira zirahitamo.Igiciro cya zahabu isize zahabu na immersion PCBs mugihe cyicyitegererezo cyagereranywa nicyuma cyitwa tin-allin.
1. Amashanyarazi ya Nickel Immersion Zahabu (ENIG): Ubu ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura PCB.Harimo gushira urwego rwa nikel idafite amashanyarazi nkigice cyo hagati ku bicuruzwa, hanyuma hagakurikiraho zahabu yo kwibiza hejuru ya nikel.ENIG itanga inyungu nkibishobora kugurishwa neza, kureshya, kurwanya ruswa, no kugurisha neza.Ibiranga zahabu nabyo bifasha mukurinda okiside, bityo bizamura ububiko bwigihe kirekire.
2. Urwego rushyushye rwo kugurisha (HASL): Ubu ni ubundi buryo busanzwe bwo kuvura hejuru.Mubikorwa bya HASL, udupapuro two kugurisha twinjizwa mumabati yashongeshejwe kandi uwagurishije arenga aratwarwa akoresheje umwuka ushushe, hasigara igicuruzwa kimwe.Ibyiza bya HASL birimo igiciro gito, koroshya inganda no kugurisha, nubwo ubuso bwacyo neza hamwe nuburinganire bushobora kuba munsi.
3. Gukoresha amashanyarazi ya zahabu: Ubu buryo bukubiyemo amashanyarazi ya zahabu ku bicuruzwa.Zahabu nziza cyane mumashanyarazi no kurwanya ruswa, bityo kuzamura ibicuruzwa.Nyamara, isahani ya zahabu muri rusange ihenze ugereranije nubundi buryo.Bikoreshwa cyane cyane murutoki rwa zahabu.
4. Organic Solderability Preservatives (OSP): OSP ikubiyemo gukoresha urwego rukingira umubiri kugirango rugurishe okiside.OSP itanga uburinganire bwiza, kugurishwa, kandi irakwiriye kubikorwa byoroheje.
5. Amabati yo kwibiza: Kimwe na zahabu yo kwibiza, amabati yo kwibiza arimo gutwikira amakariso yagurishijwe hamwe na tini.Amabati yo kwibiza atanga imikorere myiza yo kugurisha kandi birahendutse ugereranije nubundi buryo.Ariko, ntishobora kuba nziza cyane nka zahabu yo kwibiza muburyo bwo kurwanya ruswa no guhagarara neza.
6. Isahani ya Nickel / Zahabu: Ubu buryo busa na zahabu yo kwibiza, ariko nyuma yo gushiramo nikel idafite amashanyarazi, igipande cyumuringa gitwikiriwe no gukurikiza ibyuma.Ubu buryo butanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya no kwangirika, bukwiranye nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane.
7. Isahani ya feza: Isahani ya feza ikubiyemo gutwikira udupapuro twagurishijwe hamwe na feza.Ifeza ninziza muburyo bwo gutwara, ariko irashobora okiside mugihe ihuye numwuka, mubisanzwe bisaba urwego rwokwirinda.
8. Gufata Zahabu Ikomeye: Ubu buryo bukoreshwa kubihuza cyangwa aho uhurira na soketi bisaba kwinjiza kenshi no kuyikuraho.Igice kinini cya zahabu gikoreshwa kugirango gitange imbaraga zo kurwanya no kwangirika.
Itandukaniro hagati ya Zahabu-Gushiraho na Zahabu:
1. Imiterere ya kristu yakozwe na zahabu-isahani hamwe na zahabu yo kwibiza iratandukanye.Isahani ya zahabu ifite zahabu yoroheje ugereranije na zahabu yo kwibiza.Isahani ya zahabu ikunda kuba umuhondo kuruta zahabu yo kwibiza, abakiriya basanga bishimishije.
2. Zahabu yo kwibiza ifite ibiranga kugurisha neza ugereranije no gushyiramo zahabu, kugabanya inenge zo kugurisha no kwinubira abakiriya.Ikibaho cya zahabu yibiza bifite impungenge zishobora kugenzurwa kandi birakwiriye muburyo bwo guhuza.Ariko, kubera imiterere yoroshye, zahabu yo kwibiza ntishobora kwihanganira intoki za zahabu.
3. Zahabu yo kwibiza yambara gusa nikel-zahabu ku makariso yagurishijwe, ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku ihererekanyabubasha mu muringa, mu gihe isahani ya zahabu ishobora kugira ingaruka ku itumanaho.
4. Isahani ikomeye ya zahabu ifite imiterere ya kirisiti ugereranije na zahabu yo kwibiza, bigatuma idashobora kwanduzwa na okiside.Zahabu yibiza ifite urwego rworoshye rwa zahabu, rushobora kwemerera nikel gukwirakwira.
5. Zahabu yo kwibiza ntishobora gutera insinga ngufi mugushushanya kwinshi ugereranije na zahabu.
6. Zahabu yo kwibiza ifite ihuriro ryiza hagati yuwagurishije hamwe nu muringa, ibyo bikaba bitagira ingaruka kumwanya mugihe cyo kwishyura.
7. Zahabu yo kwibiza ikoreshwa kenshi kubibaho bisabwa cyane kubera uburinganire bwayo bwiza.Isahani ya zahabu muri rusange irinda ibintu nyuma yinteko ya padi yumukara.Uburinganire nubuzima bwubuzima bwibibaho bya zahabu nibyiza nkibya zahabu.
Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura busaba gusuzuma ibintu nkibikorwa byamashanyarazi, kurwanya ruswa, ikiguzi, nibisabwa.Ukurikije ibihe byihariye, uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura hejuru burashobora guhitamo kugirango buhuze ibipimo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-18-2023
